16期末考试 B卷能力提升卷-【金卷1号】新教材2023春高中英语选择性必修第四册 单元检测AB卷（外研版2019）

-89- -90- 选择性必修四期末试卷 B 卷能力提升卷 (时间:120 分钟　 　 　 满分:150 分) 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　第一部分　 阅读(共两节,满分 50 分) 第一节　 (共 15 小题;每小题 2. 5 分,满分 37. 5 分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A,B,C 和 D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Decision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages,causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision. The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ” For example,two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment,some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience;in the other,some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases,the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn􀆳t gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments,only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better,but negative consequences ar