内容正文:
动词的时态和语态
一、常见时态及其谓语动词的构成
一般 进行 完成
现在 am/is/are+表 am/is/are + doing have/has + done
do/does
过去 was/were+表 was/were + doing had done
did
将来 will/shall+do will/shall be + doing will/shall have + done
am/is/are going +to do
体
时
用数轴法理解时态
二、动词在不同时态下的变化
study
三单:studies
过去式:studied
过去分词:studied
现在分词:studying
go
三单:goes
过去式:went
过去分词:went
现在分词:going
live
三单:lives
过去式:lived
过去分词:lived
现在分词:living
sit
三单:sits
过去式:sat
过去分词:sat
现在分词:sitting
stop
三单:stops
过去式:stopped
过去分词:stopped
现在分词:stopping
总结:
1. 一般现在时(主语三单):lives, sits, stops, goes, studies
→一般+s
→以ch, sh, s, o, x 结尾的动词后+es
→以辅音+y结尾的动词,先将y→i, 再+es
总结:
2. 一般过去时:lived, stopped, studied, sat, went
规则变化
→一般+ed (以e结尾直接+d)
→元+辅且重读结尾的单词,双写该辅音后再加+ed
→以辅音+y结尾的动词,先将y→i, 再+ed
不规则变化:sat, went(背不规则动词表第2列)
总结:
3. 过去分词:lived, stopped, studied, sat, gone
规则变化
→一般+ed (以e结尾直接+d)
→元+辅且重读结尾的单词,双写该辅音后再加+ed
→以辅音+y结尾的动词,先将y→i, 再+ed
不规则变化:sat, gone(背不规则动词表第3列)
总结:
4. 现在分词:studying, going, stopping, sitting, living
规则变化
→一般+ing
→元+辅且重读结尾的单词,双写该辅音后再加+ing
→以e结尾的动词, 去掉e再+ing
不规则变化:die, lie, tie 三个把ie→y再+ing
→dying, lying, tying
三、被动语态
1. The cat eats the fish. 猫吃鱼(主动语态)
→The fish is eaten by the cat. 鱼被猫吃(被动语态)
主
谓
宾
宾
谓
主
* 主动语态变被动语态的一般方法
2. The cat ate the fish. 猫吃了鱼(主动语态)
→The fish was eaten by the cat. 鱼被猫吃了(被动)
3. The cat will eat the fish. 猫要吃鱼(主动语态)
→The fish will be eaten by the cat. 鱼要被猫吃(被动)
4. The cat has eaten the fish. 猫已经吃了鱼(主动)
→The fish has been eaten by the cat. 鱼已经被猫吃了(被)
The fish is eaten by the cat. 鱼被猫吃 (一般现在)
The fish was eaten by the cat. 鱼被猫吃了(一般过去)
The fish will be eaten by the cat. 鱼要被猫吃(一般将来)
The fish has been eaten by the cat. 鱼已经被猫吃了(现完)
总结:
被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词
随时态而变化
时态 主动语态 被动语态: be+V.ed (过分)
一般现 do/does am/is/are+done
一般过 did was/were+done
一般将 will do will be+done
am/is/are going to do am/is/are going to be done
现完 have/has done have/has been+done
情态
动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done
被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例):
Tips:不规则动词表的使用
一般现在时主语非三单
情态动词/助动词+V.(原)
一般过去时
现在/过