专题19.Unit 5 First Aid第三讲Grammar and Writing【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高二英语同步精品讲义（人教2019选择性必修第二册）

Grammar and Writing ( 目标导航jing ) Grammar——复习动词－ing形式 用括号内词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征。 1．As you can imagine, (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 2．The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is (give) first aid. 3．Burns are divided into three types, (depend) on the depth of skin damage. 4．Place burns under cool (run) water, especially within the first ten minutes. 5．Remove any clothes using (use) scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric (stick) to the burnt skin. 6． (apply) oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 【自主发现】 动词－ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，起名词的作用，同时保留动词的属性，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。 语法解析 一、动词－ing形式的时态和语态 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done [名师提醒]　 (1)动词－ing形式的否定式是在前面加not构成。 Not having been invited to the party, she was very upset.没有被邀请参加聚会，她很不高兴。 (2)动词－ing形式的一般式多表示一般情况，其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；其完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 She imagined finding a wallet on the sidewalk. 她想象着自己在人行道上发现一个钱包。(一般式) He was praised for having done a good deed. 他因为做了件好事而受到表扬。(完成式) (3)动词－ing形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，其被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 He insisted on sending her to hospital. 他坚持要把她送到医院去。(主动式) The bridge being built is part of a high－speed railway project. 在建的这座桥是一个高速铁路项目的一部分。(被动式) 二、动词－ing形式的句法功能 1．动名词作主语，多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。有时用it作形式主语，动名词放在句末，常见句型有：It is a waste of time doing.../It is no use/useless/no good doing...。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 It’s no use arguing with him.和他争论是无用的。 [名师提醒]　动名词短语作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 Making speeches is not his strong point.演讲不是他的特长。 Running a family household requires high－level planning and coordinating.经营家庭需要高水平的规划和协调。 Wearing a mask is equally effective or more effective than distancing.戴口罩可能和保持距离一样有效，甚至更有效。 Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences.被(他人)喜欢能创造学习和新的生活体验的机会。 2．动名词作宾语 (1)常接动名词作宾语