2023届高三英语一轮复习：主谓一致和情态动词讲义

动词 第三节 主谓一致 主谓一致是一种常见的语法现象，它指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。其用法较为复杂。主谓一致依据语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三条原则。 一、名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集体名词作主语若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若突出个体，谓语动词为复数。常见的这类名词有 committee，family，group，class，army，emery等。 · My family has moved into the new house. 我家已搬进了新房子。 · My family enjoy sports. 我全家人都喜欢运动。 注意：people，police，youth，cattle等作主语,谓语动词常用复数。 · The police have caught the thieves. 警察捉住了盗贼。 2. 单、复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词可为单数，亦可为复数，视其意义而定works(工厂)，means(方法），作主语也有类似用法。 · Every means has been tried. 每一种方法都试过了。 · All means have been tried. 所有的方法都试过了。 3.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的词语作主语，通常被看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 · One hundred kilometers was covered on a single night. 一夜走了100千米路。 · Five yuan is enough. 5元钱就够了。 二、并列主语的主谓一致 1.and 连按并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但在下列情况下用单数： (1)and 连接的并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念。 · The English teacher and headteacher is a young man. 英语老师兼班主任是一位年轻人。 (2)and连接的并列名词有each，every，no或 many a 等修饰时；谓语动词用单数。 · In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我们国家每一个孩子，不管男女，都有受教育的权利。 · No teacher and no student was present at the party. 老师和学生都没有参加晚会。 2. 由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also...，not...but…等连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语一致。 · Either he or I am wrong.不是他错，就是我错。 · Not only the students but also the teacher is active in sports and games. 不但学生就连老师也积极参加体育运动。 3.两个主语由 as wall as, rather than，but, together with, along with, with ,except，besides 等连接时，谓语动词的数与最前面的主语保持一致。 · The teacher as well as the students has seen the film. 老师和学生都看过这部电影。 · Nobody but Xiao Wang and Xiao Li was here. 只有小王和小李在这儿。 · I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿意帮助你。 三、名词化形容词作主语时的主谓一致 “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。常见的这类词有：the poor, the rich, the sick, the dead, the young, the wise, the deaf, the blind, the learned, the wounded, the aged, the killed, the living, the dying, the English，the French，the Chinese 等。 · The young are required to respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老年人。 · The injured have been taken to hospital. 伤员已经被送往医院。 四、不定式、动名词和名词从句作主语时的主谓一致 不定式、动名词和句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 · To become doctors is their ambition. 当医生是他们