2023届高三英语一轮复习：虚拟语气和被动语态讲义

动词 第六节 被动语态 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be 的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1被动语态的时态较常见的有八种，现以动词clean 为例列表说明： 现在 过去 将来 一般 am is cleaned are was cleaned were will be cleaned shall 进行 am is cleaning are was being cleaning were 完成 have been cleaned has had been cleaned will have been cleaned shall 2.被动语态的句式变化 以一般现在时和动词 invite 为例,列表说明被动语态的包式变化： 肯定句 否定句 I am invited. He/She/It is invited. We/You/They are invited. I am not invited. He/She/It is not invited. We/You/They are not invited. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。 · Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。 · Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） · Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句) 4. 主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词像taste，feel，smell，sound，look，stay等可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 · The desk feels smooth. 桌子摸起来很光滑。 (2)部分不及物动词，像sell，wear，wash，read，open，shut等及物动词作不及物动词，跟easily，well，nicely，smoothly等连用时，强调谓语动词给主语带来某种结果，多用主动表示被动。 · This book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 · The dress wears very well. 这件衣服耐穿。 · This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布耐洗。 二、被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时要用被动语态。 · A class meeting will be held next Monday. 班会将在下周一举行。 · The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。 2. 当更加强调动作的承受者时要用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由 by,引导，置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。 · These books may be kept for two weeks. 这些书可以保管两周。 · The room hasn't been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。 3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。 · The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。 · The whole village has been washed away by the food. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4. 表示容观的说明常用“It is＋过去分词+ that”句型。 · It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露西已经出国了。 · It is believed that he is a spy. 大家相信他是个间谍。 其他常见的“It is十过去分词+ that”句型还有： It is reported that… 据报道… It is thought that... 大家认为… It is suggested that … 有人建议… 三、主动语态变为被动语态 1.主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 (1)将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。 · Tom painted a picture. →The picture was painted by Tom. 汤姆画了一幅画。 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。 Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. 汤姆杀死了他。 (2)将动词改为“be ＋过去分词”。