Unit 3 Discover Useful Structures 学案-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Food and Culture Grammar-----过去完成时的主动和被动语态 Learning objectives: 1. To master the use of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice correctly. 2. To understand the meaning of the past perfect tense by discussing and practicing. Key and difficult points:How to use the grammar properly and make sentences. Preview 课前预习 ：通过观察，课前自主领悟过去完成时主动及其被动语态 [观察例句] 1．When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 2．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it. 4．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. [归纳用法] 1．例句1和2的黑体部分为______________（时态），其构成为“_____________”，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。 2．例句3和4的黑体部分为过去完成时的_______语态形式，其构成为“____________________________”，表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作。 Presentation 探究点一：过去完成时的主动语态 （结构：had done） 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 3．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 4．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 5．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 6．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that)．..等固定句型中。