内容正文:
说明文议论文主旨类题型
1. 题干特征:
题干中出现main idea; mainly about; best / suitable title; 或问作者写文章的目的是什么
2. 如何定位:
说明文和议论文文章的主旨多在首段,部分在尾段,或首尾段相结合,极少数需要自己总结
如果议论文首段描写场景,那么主旨通常在第二段
3. 方法:
1) 如果首尾段的首尾句非常简短,且为总结性话语,那么很有可能是文章的主旨
2) 如果首段提及研究 (research; study 等),那么通常研究结果为主旨
给出方式:
The research / study found / showed / suggested / indicated that …
The researchers found / said that …
The result of the study indicated that …
…, according to the research.
…
注意事项:
如果首段提及previous (以前的) research,那么主旨应该是现在的或者新的研究结果
通常以前的研究是错误的或不全面的,个别是用来佐证最近的研究结果的正确性
通常大多数人的观点是错误的,后面会有转折给出正确的观点
3) 如果首尾段出现转折,那么转折后是重点
可以表示转折的词语:
but; however; yet; while; instead (of)…
although; though; even if; even though; while (句首); despite … (强调主句)
actually; in fact; in effect; as a matter of fact; …
(un)fortunately; (un)luckily …
…
4) 如果首段出现问句,那么问句本身或问句后的后一句 (问题的答案) 很可能是文章主旨
注意事项:
如果问句在首段最后一句,那么通常这个问题本身是文章主旨或第二段给出的答案是文章主旨
5) 如果文章介绍某人 / 物 / 事,那么介绍的内容为文章主旨
注意事项:
如果首段提及了介绍内容的优势好处或目的,那么优势好处或目的为主旨 (help; benefit; …)
文章介绍某事件时可以把选项对应回首段,对应上的内容越多,正确率越高
表示目的的词语:
to do; in order to do; so as to do; intend to do; aim to do / aim at doing; mean to do …
6) 寻找文章中的高频词
注意事项:
高频词通常要出现在选项中;
如果有两个或两个以上的高频词,那么最好所有高频词都出现在选项中;
如果有两个或两个以上的选项符合上述要求,那么需要注意选项中的不同之处,根据文章具体内容区分每个选项的侧重点,区分高频词之间的关系区别
4. 如果询问主旨的题在文章的第一题提问,可以最后作答
典型例题1
A study of 500,000 songs released(发行)in the UK between 1985 and 2015 showed that pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.
题:What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Pop Music Is Getting Sadder
B. Music Calls for Sex Equality
C. Pop Music Has a Long History
D. Music Industry Is Going Down
【答案】A
【解析】本题截取自说明文首段。由A study … showed that … 得知 pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness 即为答案,因此A 选项符合题意。
典型例题2
A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
题:What can be the best title for the