Unit 1 Discover Useful Structures 非限制性定语从句讲义-2022-2023学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

非限制性定语从句 ●限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 ●(一)定语从句的两种类型 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度,我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 ◆(1)限制性定语从句 关系代词: that,which, who, whom, whose,as >1引导词 关系副词: where, when, why >2从句和主句的关系紧密,中间不用逗号隔开; >3定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整。 The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy' s English teacher. This is the man ( who/ whom/that ) the police have been searching for. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. ◆(2)非限制性定语从句 ①关系代词: which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词: where, when, ②从句和主句关系不紧密,去掉从句,主句意思仍完整; ③从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。 My new car, which I paid several pounds for, is not running (which 指代先行词my new car) He is English,which I know from his accent.(which指代整个主句的内容) ●(二)非限制性定语从句引导词的使用 >(1)非限制性定语从句不用that引导 非限制性定语从句的关系代词无论指“物”还是指“人”,都不能用that。指人时,如果关系代词在从句中作主语,则用who, 作宾语则用whom; 指物时要用which。关系代词在从句中作宾语也不能省略。 ●Holly, who is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese.。 ●The book , which my mother bought for me yesterday ,is very interesting. >(2)关系代词和关系副词的选择 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,用关系代词; 在从句中作状语时,用关系副词。 ●The old man has a daughter, who is an artist. (who 在从句中作主语) ●Opposite is St. Paul's Cathedral,where you can hear some lovely music. (where在从向中作地点状语) ●(三)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 > (1)功能不同 定语从句 与先行词的关系 能否去掉 限制性定语从句 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 不可去掉,否则主句意思不完整 非限制性定语从句 对先行词进行补充说明 可去掉,去掉后主句意思仍然完整 ● My elder sister who has settled in Beijing sends me an e-mail almost every day.我已在北京定居的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。(限制性定语从句,意思是“我”可能还有其他姐姐) ● My elder sister, who has settled in Beijing, sends me an e-mail almost every day.我姐姐已在北京定居,她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。(非限制性定语从句,言外之意是“我”只有一个姐姐) > (2)形式不同 限制性定语从句 紧跟在先行词后,不用逗号隔开 非限制性定语从句 用逗号与主句隔开 ●He is the man who has been removed from the company. 他就是那个被公司开除的人。(限制性定语从句) ●The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than 1 billion dollars. 这个工程历时3年,耗资多达10亿美元。(非限制性定语从句) >(3)先行词不同 定语从句 先行词 限制性定语从句 名词、代词或名词性短语 非限制性定语从句 名词、代词,名词性短语或整个主句 ●This is the best novel that I have ever read. (限制性定语从句,先行词是the best novel) ●The novel, which I read last night, is very interestin