专题02 名词性从句-【口袋书】2023年高考英语必背知识手册（思维导图+背诵手册）（全国通用版）

专题02 名词性从句 I．概念 名词在句中一般可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等。 1. Water freezes below zero. (作主语) 2. Eric was a world famous director. (作表语) 3. Would you like some bananas? (作宾语) 4. Eric, my English teacher, got promoted last year. (作同位语) 相当于名词的从句称为名词性从句，分别称之为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 II. 知识重点与难点 1、 名词性从句的连接词如下： 1. 从属连词：that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，在动宾从句中可省略。 whether/ if有词义，但在从句中不充当成分, if 主要用于宾语从句中。 2. 连接代词who(ever), whom(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever) 有词义，在从句中充当成分。 连接代词 词义 在从句中的成分 who(ever) 指代 “人” 主语、宾语、表语 whom(ever) 指代 “人” 宾语 whose 指代 “某人的”，意为“谁的” 定语 what(ever) 指代 “事物；东西”，意为“什么” 主语、宾语、表语 which(ever) 表示 “哪一个人或物” （有一定范畴） 主、宾、表（which后可接名词时，which做定语） 3. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 有词义，在从句中充当状语。 2、 主语从句： 在句子中作主语的从句叫主语从句。 1. 由从属连词引导, 连词本身在从句中不做成分。 That Eric is the most handsome teacher in our school is known to all. (从句作主语，且从句不缺成分，无词义缺失，因此用 that。) Whether he will come or not is not known yet. (从句作主语，从句完整，但缺乏表示 “是 否”的词，因此用 whether。) 2. 由连接代词引导，连词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 Who will go remains to be discussed. (从句作主语，who 在主语从句中作主语，表示 “某 人，谁”。) What we need is more time. (从句作主语，what 在主语从句中作 need 的宾语，表示 “东 西，什么”。) No one knows whose footprints were left on the spot. (从句作宾语，whose 在宾语从句中作 定语，表示 “某人的”。) More examples: Whoever unsheathes（抽出鞘） that sword is my husband. Whatever I have done is only for you. 3. 由连接副词引导，连词在从句中作状语。 When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided. （when 作时间状语） Why he failed the English exam is quite obvious. （why 作原因状语） Where he has been is the last piece of the puzzle. （where 作地点状语） How Eric became a famous teacher is known to all.（how 作方式状语） 4. It作形式主语 由于主语从句位于句首，句子显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子后部，句首用代词it来作形式主语。 It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake. = That she has made such a foolish mistake is a pity. It is reported that three people were killed in the accident, including the driver. = That three people were killed in the accident, including the driver is reported. It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.