语法填空考点整理08定语从句 学案-2023届高三英语一轮复习

高考英语语法填空考点整理 ✪定语从句 ✪ 一.考点整理 考点一． 定语从句结构特征 1. 主句必须是完整的句子。 2. 关系词后边的第一个句子是从句。剩下的是主句。 3. 主句大部分情况在前面，有时候在后面，有时候被从句分割开。 4. 从句可以完整，也可以不完整。 从句不完整用关系代词，从句完整用关系副词。 5.关系词的分类： ■关系代词:that /who /whom /which/ as /whose 连接主从句并代替从句所缺成分。 ■关系副词:where /why/ when 连接主从句不代替从句主干成分。 考点二．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。 1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 ①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? ②I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 3．which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 ①He was reading a book which/that was about war. A：只能用that，而不用which的情况。 (1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. (2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词(如：the first，the second, ...，the last等)修饰时。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. (3)先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。 The only thing that matters is to find our way home. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. B：只能用which，不能用that的情况。 (1)在非限制性定语从句中，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，并指物，只能用which。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 4．as引导的定语从句 A：as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) [注意]　such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别 such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而s