语法填空考点整理07非谓语动词 学案-2023届高三英语一轮复习

高考英语语法填空考点整理 ✪非谓语动词 ✪ 一.考点整理 考点一． 非谓语动词的基本形式和时态语态 1.非谓语的三种基本形式 to do+...... :表示目的或未发生 常翻译为：“为了、去” doing+......:表示主动或进行 done+...... :表示被动或完成 2.非谓语动词的时态和语态 to do…的各种时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do.... to be done.... 进行式 to be doing.... ------------ 完成式 to have done.... to have been done.... doing…/done…的各种时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing.... being done.... 完成式 having done.... having been done.... 3.非谓语时态语态的选择 首先考虑非谓语动词有没有特殊情况，有的话就用相应的非谓语形式，若没有特殊情况就看是非谓语动词的哪种基本形式:先考虑to do,因为to do很容易被忽略。再考虑–ed或–ing主动或被动。最后考虑非谓语动词时态。 语态的选择： ■非谓语动词的语态一般由其前面的名词决定，是前面名词的定语或宾补，若前面没有名词那么由主语决定，是句子的状语。 I like the apple picked up on the farm. He walk in the street, not knowing where to go. 时态的选择： ■若谓语动词和非谓语动词的动作明显不同时发生，就用完成式。若同时发生或几乎发生，或感觉不到是否同时发生，就用一般式。切记高考一般只考一般式。 The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. Being so hungry,he asked for more but was punished. The test finished, we began our holiday. 考点二．非谓语动词的句法功能 非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、补语多种成分。 ①作伴随状语和结果状语时用现在分词 More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. [特别提醒]　源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated (坐着的)，devoted (专注的)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)等。 Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room. ②作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式 ●非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。 To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand. ●非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词。 He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(表出乎意料的结果) ●非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。 I am only too glad to see everything settled. Being tired, he went to bed early. ③作主语时常用动名词，作介词的宾语时一定用动名词 ●分析句子成分，如果一个经常性、习惯性的动作作主语，常用v.－ing形式。 Knowing basic first－aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. ●介词和带介词to的固定搭配一定跟v.－ing作宾语。 I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. ④作表语时指物用v.－ing，指人用v.－ed形式 ●牢记v.－in