Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar(Word教参)-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language—Grammar 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 [对应学生用书P58] [观察] 1．That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. 2．It is fun enough to attract millions of people. 3．You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players ... 4．What's more，football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate ... 5．...one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict. [归纳] 1．句子1、3、4、5中的动词不定式分别作a simple game，a fan，the best ways，one moment of peace的后置定语。 2．句子2中的动词不定式to attract在句子中作结果状语。 [对应学生用书P58] 1．动词不定式作定语时，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。 Is this the best way to help him? 这是帮助他的最好方法吗？ 2．动词不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 He's always the first one to get up.(主谓关系) 他总是第一个起床。 Please give me something to drink.(动宾关系) 请给我点喝的。 动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，该动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 Because the room was very crowded，I needed a tall bench to stand on. 因为房间里很拥挤，我需要一条高板凳站上去。 He wanted to find a new house to live in. 他想找一所新房子住。 3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级或the first, the last等修饰，且动词不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 4．在“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式(作定语)，动词不定式所表示的动作将要发生，且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者，此时动词不定式须用主动式。 With lots of difficult problems to settle，the newly­elected president is having a hard time. 有许多难题要处理，新当选的总统正处于一段艰难的时期。 5．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用动词不定式作后置定语，且动词不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability，idea，chance，attempt，plan，way，opportunity等。 They failed in their attempt to reach there before five o'clock. 他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里，但失败了。 1．动词不定式表示结果时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知), find(发现), see(看见), hear(听见), to be told(被告知), make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词(组)。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。 Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth, never to be seen again. 恐龙已经从地球上灭绝，再也不会被看到。 He left his home, never to be heard from again. 他离开了家，从此音信全无。 2．动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构 (1)only to do结构(表示意外的结果) He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left. 他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。 He wo