15. 第十五周 词义猜测题-2023高考英语一轮复习【名师指津】阅读完形天天练课件PPT（人教版）

第十五周 词义猜测题 名师指津 (对应话题：世界与环境) 1 名师指津 我们在阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。 名师指津 每年每套题通常有一个小题，有时会有两个小题，要求考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的含义。 题干常含mean, replace, best explain或refer to等词： What does the underlined word/words/phrase … in Paragraph … refer to/mean？ 名师指津 Which of the following best explains … underlined in Paragraph …？ What do/does the words/word … in Paragraph … probably mean？ 名师指津 What does the author mean by “…” in Paragraph…？ Which of the following can replace the underlined word “…” in Paragraph…？ 名师指津 解答这类题时，需要考生在理解全文的基础上，理解画线词语所在句的意思，有时需要理解该句的前一句或后一句的意思，或前后句的意思；也有的需要理解前后一段或几段的意思，如2014年全国Ⅱ卷的23题和2013年全国课标Ⅱ卷的38题。 名师指津 要善于根据画线词语所在句内部各分句之间，或该句与上下句或上下段之间的逻辑关系，并结合常识，进行推断。特别是转折关系(but, however, though, fortunately, sadly等)、因果关系(so, because等)或条件与结果的关系。 名师指津 ［典型例题］(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·29) When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 名师指津 Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). 名师指津 A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. ◇What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? 点拨：画线词前一句提到，美洲原住民对这些珍贵的自然资源进行了精心的保护。结合Unfortunately一词可知，此处应描述另一番场景，探险家们仅仅花了几十年就摧毁了大量资源，故C项“Destroy(破坏，摧毁)”符合题意；其他选项“获得(Acquire)” “出口(Export)”“分配(Distribute)”均不符合题意。 名师指津 星期一 A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products. C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach. 1. What are Von Wong’s artworks