11. 第十一周 文体类型题-2023高考英语一轮复习【名师指津】阅读完形天天练课件PPT（人教版）

第十一周 文体类型题 名师指津 (对应话题：社会) 1 名师指津 高考阅读理解题中有时会要求考生判断文体类型，考生需依据不同文体的特点和文章内容去判断。如新闻报道的第一段为导语，包括地点、时间、人物或事件等；科普说明文首段通常会出现scientists have found, the research/ study shows that等表明实验结果的句子；议论文作者会提出某个观点或看法，然后证明其观点；广告会谈到某产品的特色和价格，会有鼓励读者去了解和购买的文字；比赛通知会谈到参赛人员、参赛项目、颁奖情况以及报名的时间、地点等。 名师指津 提问方式有： What is the text? (2020年新高考全国Ⅱ卷) What type of writing is this text？ (2014年全国Ⅰ卷) 解题方法：解答这类题时需根据首句、文体特征、文章内容等来辨别语篇所属类型。 名师指津 ［典型例题］(2020年新高考全国Ⅱ卷·31) In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party…Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway (晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided. 名师指津 The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design： Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean (赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. 名师指津 Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur… Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. 名师指津 “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement. A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research