Topic 3 English Thinking-高中英语读本选择性必修第一册

55 D.Enjoy ice skating with their families. 2.Where can visitors go if they want to have their children attend Camp Menehune? A.Hersheypark. B.Snowbird Resort. C.Old Orchard Beach. D.Hilton Waikoloa Vilage. 3.What is the author􀆳s purpose in writing the text? A.To show some theme parks in the world. B.To introduce several fun vacation places for families. C.To advertise the best vacation places in winter. D.To tel about the traditional relaxing holidays. 名词化:英语思维的第一个特点 随着现代语言的发展,英语多用名词以体现其静态特征,而汉语则恰恰相 反,汉语善用动词以体现其动态特征。根据戴维·克里斯特尔的《现代语言学 词典》的界定,名词化是“指从其他某个词类形成名词的过程或指从一个底层 小句得出一个名词短语的派生过程”。同样,我国著名的语言学者连淑能教授 指出,名词化主要指用名词来表达属于动词(或形容词)所表达的概念,如用抽 象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态、品质、情感等概念。这种现象的蔚然成 风也带来一定的负面影响,因为名词的使用离不开介词和冠词,这样,本来句 子中可以用一个动词表达清楚的意思这时候很可能需要使用“冠词+名词+ 介词”的结构才能进行完整替代,无形中使得整个句子变得更加冗长,甚至读 之令人更加费解。然而,名词化在英语中的运用则可以增加语言的抽象性和 客观性,从而提高语言的正式性和权威性,这是其优势所在。故在翻译过程 中,译者也应进行合理的选择调整。接下来,我们一起来欣赏一个例句: 否则原告有可能改头换面再次诉讼,不但浪费司法资源,而且降低虚假诉 讼成本,纵容恶意当事人虚假诉讼。 56 对于这个句子,有以下两种译法: Or the Plaintiff may only make superficial changes and institute another legal proceeding, which not only squander judicial resources, but also reduce the cost of false litigation, as wel as connive at the false litigation of the malicious Party concerned.(译文1) Or the Plaintiff may only make superficial changes in search of another legal proceeding, which wil give rise to the waste of judicial resources, the cost reduction of false litigation, as wel as the connivance of the false litigation of the malicious Party concerned.(译文2) 在上例中,译文1运用了五个动词,分别是“make,institute,squander, reduce,connive”,这些动词中除“make”外其余四个动词均可表达十分具体的 含义,具有强烈的动词属性,是实义动词的直接、强势运用的体现。而在译文 2中,进行了适当的调整,即,将第二个动词“institute”用名词词组“in search of”替换,增加一个动词词组“give rise to”起引导作用