Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（教师用书Word）- 【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P16] 句子成分 观察下面句子，说出黑体部分所作的句子成分。 ①I can't wait to describe to you what high school life is like. ②The path before you leads to a world full of challenges: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking. ③Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities. ④Today is the start of a new term, the start of a three­year journey and the start of a promising future. ⑤When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. ⑥In time you will find yourself growing into a well­rounded individual. [自我归纳] 1．句子是表达思想的基本单位。构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 2．其中句子①主语；②谓语；③宾语；④ 表语；⑤状语；⑥宾语补足语。 1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不为疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 观察下列句子，并画出主语部分： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One­third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 答案：①country music　②We　③One­third　④To swim ⑤Smoking　⑥The rich　⑦When we are going to have an English test 2．谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： (1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. 他每天早上练习跑步。 (2)复合谓语： ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借阅两周。 He has caught a bad cold. 他患了重感冒。 ②由系动词加表语构成。 We are students. 我们是学生。 3．表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 观察下列句子，并画出表语部分： ①Our teacher of English is an American. ②Is it yours? ③The weather has turned cold. ④The speech is exciting. ⑤Three times seven is twenty­one. ⑥His job is to teach English. ⑦His hobby(爱好)is playing football. ⑧The machine must be out