UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures（教师用书Word）- 【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Discovering Useful Structures [观察] 1．(教材P14)The first week was a little confusing. 2．(教材P14)I know that Chinese is a very difficult language ... 3．(教材P14)First，I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. 4．(教材P14)I tried to join the school football team，but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. [归纳] 观察上面句子，归纳出加黑短语的类型和其在句中所作成分： 1．名词短语作主语；形容词短语作表语 2．名词短语作表语 3．副词短语作状语 4．名词短语作宾语；名词短语作主语；副词短语作状语 一、名词短语(Noun Phrase) 指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。 The handsome young man is Jim's brother. 那个英俊的年轻人是吉姆的哥哥。 I learn that you're coming to visit a Chinese friend. 我知道你要来拜访一个中国朋友。 1．结构 一般由限定词＋形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词＋名词(＋介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句)组成。 例如： (1)限定词＋形容词＋中心名词：a rich American businessman (2)限定词＋形容词＋中心名词＋介词短语：the young beautiful girl in red jacket (3)限定词＋形容词＋中心名词＋分词短语：the secret plan relating to the project(relating是形容词化的现在分词，因此这里的relating to the project也可理解为形容词短语) (4)形容词＋中心名词＋动词不定式：enough paper to write on (5)限定词＋中心名词＋定语从句：the man who spoke at the meeting just now 2．功能 在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 There are too many mistakes in this essay.(主语) 这篇文章错误太多。 What I really want is that beautiful evening dress.(表语) 我真正想要的是那件漂亮的晚礼服。 He put a small quantity of sugar in the milk.(宾语) 他在牛奶中放了少量的糖。 They appointed me their chairman.(宾语补足语) 他们任命我当主席。 二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase) 指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。 1．结构 (1)两个或多个形容词可以由and，but等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语。 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。 He is young but clever. 他虽年轻但很聪明。 (2)very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。 It is very hot today. 今天很热。 (3)介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语。 I am sure of success. 我确信会成功的。 (4)不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语。 He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。 (5)形容词与more，less，the most，the least构成的比较级或最高级也是形容词短语。 This is the most beautiful bird I have ever seen. 这是我所见过的最漂亮的鸟。 2．功能 在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，一般用作定语、表语或者宾语补足语。 You have a small but beautiful room.(定语) 你有一个漂亮的小房间。 I think your answer correct and proper.(宾语补足语) 我认为你的答案是正确的并且是恰当的。 I think your answer is correct and proper.(表语) 我认为你的回答正确又恰当。 三、副词短语(Adverb Phra