UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage（教师用书）-2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册【金版新学案】同步导学（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 动词不定式作主语和表语 [教材示例] 1．To love others is to be loved. 2．The Cantonese innovation of the mid­19th century was to serve tea together with a variety of light dishes，or dim sum. 3．It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with. [我的发现] 1．句1中，动词不定式To love others在句中作主语；to be loved在句中作表语； 2．句2中，动词不定式to serve...在句中作表语； 3．句3中，it作形式主语，动词不定式to give up...作真正的主语。 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 　　语态 时态　　 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 二、动词不定式作主语 1．动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的动词不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词常用单数。 To make up for lost time is not possible. 要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。 2．若动词不定式太长，则往往用it代替动词不定式作形式主语，动词不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。 其常见句型有以下3种： ①It＋is＋名词＋to do sth It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 照顾老人是我们的责任。 ②It takes sb＋some time＋to do sth How long did it take you to finish the work? 你花了多长时间来完成这项工作？ ③It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb＋to do sth It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 我们难以在十五分钟内完成这篇作文。 It is stupid of you to write down everything(that) the teacher says. 你把老师说的所有东西都记下来的行为是很愚蠢的。 ④It seems (appears)＋形容词＋to do sth It seemed impossible to finish the work on time. 看上去不可能按时完成这项工作。 三、动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，且有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。 1．表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)作主语时，其表语应用动词不定式。 Her greatest wish is to see her parents again. 她最大的愿望是能够再见到父母。 2．动词不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。 My dream is to be a doctor.＝To be a doctor is my dream. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 3．当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式可以省略to。 All I did was (to) turn off the gas. 我所做的就是把煤气关掉。 维度一　单词拼写 1．This is an opportunity to enhance(增强)the reputation of the company. 2．Yunnan Province is famous for its warm climate，beautiful scenery(风景)and natural rich resources. 3．I like that restaurant because the atmosphere(气氛)in it is very relaxing. 4．The region is blessed with plentiful rain and a mild(温和的)climate. 5．I bet(打赌)he doesn’t remember a single word at all. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．The great changes in China over the past few years made a deep impression (impress) o