第18讲 Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Discovering Useful Structures-【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（人教2019必修第一册）

18 Discovering useful structures ( 目标导航 ) ( 知识精讲 ) 【核心词汇】 1．erupt vi. & vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 (教材p.52)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 火山爆发后，住在我们旁边的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。 (1)erupt from　　　　 (从……)喷出 erupt into 爆发为；突然发出(尤指叫喊) (2)eruption n. 喷发，爆发 [佳句]　The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes. Is she not afraid? 火山也许会爆发，引发地震，难道他不怕吗？ 2．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品vt.供应；供给 (教材p.52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的补给品是从全国各地收集来的。 (1)supply sth to sb＝supply sb with sth向某人提供某物 (2)be in short supply 短缺 a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应 [佳句]　I'd like to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. 我想预先买一个大的背包来装食物和水等补给品。 [点津]　表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有： ①provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb ②offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 【语法解析】 一. 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义 1．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2．位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 ◆Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please.　支持这项计划的人请举手。 ◆As is known to us all, the earth is spinning around the sun.　众所周知，地球围着太阳转。 3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如some­、any­、every­、no­与­body、­thing的合成词或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。 4．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as等。 关系副词：when、where、why等。 5．限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“……的”。 ◆Paper cuts of animls have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.　早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。 二. 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who引导的定语从句 [合作探究]　 The children who were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。 Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。 [自主发现1]　who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。 2.whom引导的定语从句 [合作探究]　 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。 The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 [自主发现2]　whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代