专题3 第3讲 说明文-（配套word）2022新高考英语【步步高】大二轮专题复习与增分策略（鲁琼津辽苏湘鄂冀渝闽粤）

第3讲　说明文 说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。 解题要领 内容解读 明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。 弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。 (2019·全国Ⅲ改编) The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March. “Of course，we 1 it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro，who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is 2 ，but down in the valley it’s darker.” But that 3 when a system of high-tech 4 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below.Wednesday，residents(居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine：A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 .The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town’s central 9 ，creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 10 ，Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been sitting there and standing there and taking 11 of each other，” Ro says.“The town square was totally 12 .I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 residents cannot all 13 the sunshine at the same time. 14 ，the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 15 residents. 语篇解读　本文属于说明文，介绍了挪威的一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，小镇居民就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。 1．A.fear B．believe C．hear D．notice 答案　D 解析　fear害怕；believe相信；hear听见；notice注意到。当太阳照耀的时候，人们能注意到它。it指代第一段中的sunlight。 2．A.empty B．blue C．