专题1 第8讲 体裁微解——议论文-（配套word）2022新高考英语【步步高】大二轮专题复习与增分策略（鲁琼津辽苏湘鄂冀渝闽粤）

第8讲　体裁微解——议论文 议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅；论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。主要具有以下特点： 题型特点 内容解读 选材 主要选自一些外国期刊，如News Week，Times，Business Week，The Economist；主要是中外广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题。 内容 内容包罗万象，社会生活类占据了绝大部分。作者通过摆事实、列数字等方法论证论点，目的是说服他人、宣扬观点，或者说服读者接受某种意见或采取某种行动。文章中会出现生僻词汇和长难句。 结构 大多以“总—分—总”的结构行文，即“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”。 语言 议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性。 命题 议论文难度相对比较大，命题角度呈多样化，如细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。 高考英语议论文设题广泛，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现，因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，明了作者最后得出的结论。具体答题策略如下： 策略指导 技法解读 研读首段 议论文的主旨，即论点往往在首段，尤其是首段中有however，but等转折词时，其后的句子便是论点。 细读中间段 中间段是文章的主体部分，即论证部分，作者会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法：举例、引用、对比、列数字等。这一部分往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应。 关注尾段 尾段是结论部分，要弄清楚作者最后得出了什么结论。 (2021·天津3月， D) There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole，well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts.This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research.The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field.You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work.Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom.These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends，or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people.Mastering one thing to the exclusion(排除) of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.They are