内容正文:
Period Four Discovering Useful Structures
Learning Aims(学习目标)
Learn grammar—noun phrases,adjective phrases,and adverb phrases.(重点难点)
感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题
1.The first week was a little confusing.
2.I know that Chinese is a very difficult language.
3....but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.
4.I joined a volunteer club instead.
5.I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students...
1.所有黑体部分都是短语。
2.the first week,a very difficult language,a volunteer club都是名词短语,分别充当主语,表语和宾语;a little confusing,a bit worried都是形容词短语,都是充当表语;well enough是副词短语,充当状语。
在高中阶段,常见的短语形式有:名词短语(Noun Phrases)、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)、介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)及动词短语(Verb Phrases)等。本单元只讲解前面三种形式。
一、名词短语
名词短语:指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
1.常见名词短语的构成形式有:
限定词+名词
the girl, two cars
限定词+形容词(短语)+名词
a beautiful girl,that handsome boy
限定词+名词+介词短语
a beautiful campus of my school
限定词+描述性名词+名词
my school life,some apple trees
限定词包括:冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词和指示代词。
2.名词短语的句法功能:
(1)作主语
The interesting title of the article attracted a lot of readers.
这篇文章有趣的标题吸引了很多读者。
[温馨提示]
名词短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。
A number of books are on the desk.
The number of books is not large.
(2)作表语
How to fight against such a disease is a hot topic today.
怎样与那种疾病作斗争是今天的热点话题。
(3)作宾语
She bought her mother some flowers.
她给母亲买了一些花。
(4)作宾补
People considered him the better man for the work.
人们认为他比较适合干这项工作。
二、形容词短语
形容词短语,是指一个以形容词为中心词构成的短语,在句子中的功能相当于形容词,可以修饰名词或代词,还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
1.常见形容词短语的构成形式有:
副词+形容词
very suitable
形容词+enough
good enough
形容词+介词短语
good for nothing
副词+形容词+介词短语
well worthy of praise
2.形容词短语的句法功能:
(1)作定语,修饰名词或代词等
This is a most serious problem.
这是一个极其严重的问题。
(2)作表语
He is interested in watching TV.
他对看电视感兴趣。
(3)作宾语,英语中“the+形容词”可以作为名词使用,担任动词的宾语,表示具有该形容词的特征、性质或者状态的人、事或物。
We should respect the old.
我们应该尊敬老年人。
(4)作宾补
I found the new film very interesting.
我发现新电影非常有趣。
三、副词短语
以副词为中心词的短语是副词短语。副词短语的结合方式是:修饰语+副词,有时中心词之后还带有后置修饰语或补足成分。如:very carefully,pretty soon,far from