阅读表达-就某事表达观点-篇章精选精讲1 - 2023阅读表达题篇章精选+精析精讲（word+PPT）

阅读表达 --就某事发表观点（篇章1） 1 文本分析 文章类型 说明文 文本大意 作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象，即人们把某种功能赋予某种物体的倾向。这种现象与智力无关，在高智商的人身上也同样能发现；因为功能固着或思维冻结，人们不再质疑本应质疑的根深蒂固的思想，也使人们对不符合他们世界观的想法视而不见。 文章主旨 “功能固着”这一心理现象影响人的思维，不利于新假设的提出和问题的解决。我们应该努力去克服它。 主题语境 人与自我 1 什么是功能固着 功能固着 定义：功能固着指个体在解决问题时往往只看到某种事物的通常功能，而看不到它其他方面可能有的功能。这是人们长期以来形成的对某些事物的功能或用途的固定看法。 实验： 结论：个体在解决问题时往往只看到某种事物的通常功能，而看不到它其他方面可能有的功能。也可以说是，功能固着会影响问题的解决。 文本分析-篇章结构 1. In life, once on a path, we tend to follow it, for better or worse. What’s sad is that even if it’s the latter, we often follow a certain path anyway because we are used to the way things are that we don’t even recognize that they could be different. This is a phenomenon psychologists called functional fixedness. 功能固着 2. This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap: People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly. 3. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax (石蜡). The psychologists had, of course, arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work. The tacks are too short, and the candle doesn’t fasten to the wall. So how can you accomplish the task? 4. The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and stand the candle inside it. 5.To think of that, you have to look beyond the box's usual role as a container just for tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer—to one degree or another—from functional fixedness. 6.The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arend coined the phrase frozen thoughts to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt’s eyes, the self-content reliance on such accepted “trut