专题03.Unit1 People of Achievement第三讲Grammar and Writing【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高二英语同步精品讲义（人教2019选择性必修第一册）

Grammar and Writing ( 语法 精讲 ) Grammar——非限制性定语从句 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1．This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co­winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. 2．In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients. 3．From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. 4．Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she found a substance that worked. 5．Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered. 6．This medicine，which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 1．句1、2、5、6是非限制性定语从句，句3、4是限制性定语从句。 2．句1中的关系词在定语从句中作定语。 3．句2中的关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。 4．句3、4、5、6中的关系词在定语从句中作主语。 一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 名称 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 作用 起限定作用，限制或约束先行词，不可去掉，否则主句意义不完整 对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使去掉，原句仍有意义 结构 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 功能 先行词不可缺少的定语 对先行词起补充说明作用 引导词 a.作宾语时可省略，介词之后的关系词不能省 b．可用that a.作宾语时不可省略 b．不可用that This is the fact that I have collected till now. 这就是我迄今收集到的事实。(限制性定语从句，先行词是the fact) The novel，which I read last night，is very interesting. 那部小说，我昨晚读的那本，非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是the novel) The novel is very interesting，which makes me very glad. 这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话) [名师提醒]　非限制性定语从句 (1)形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 (2)意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，若删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 (3)译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 用适当的关系代词填空 ①This is an important present， I received yesterday. ②Football is a game is liked by most boys. ③My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. ④During the rosy years of elementary school(小学)，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， allowed me to keep my high social status. 二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 1．who，whom，whose引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)关系代词who，whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。 (2)关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语；介词后用whom，不用who。 (3)whose作定语，先行词是人时，whose＋n.相当于the＋n.＋of whom。先行词是物时，w