内容正文:
第13练 动词短语
短语动词是一种固定词组,由动词加介词或副词等构成,其作用相当于一个动词。
◆ 构成:
常见的形式有:1. 动词+副词,如:put up
2. 动词+介词,如:look at
3. 动词+副词+介词,如:run out of
4. 动词+名词+介词,如:take care of
◆ 动词+副词
(1)常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有:
cheer up(振奋起来),clean up(打扫干净),set up(建立),put up(搭建,张贴),cut up(切碎),fix up(修理),work out(算出),give out(分发),give away(赠送),think over(仔细思考),turn over(把……翻过来),hand in(上交)等。
【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时,后面必须跟宾语,若名词作宾语,可以放在副词前面或后面,但代词作宾语时,必须置于副词之前。
(2)常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有:
get up(起床),start off(动身),come back(回来),get down(下来),hold on(等一下;别挂断),look out(当心,小心),get away(逃离)等。
◆ 动词+介词
这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时,后面必须接宾语。常见的有:
look for(寻找),stand for(代表),wait for(等待),pay for(付费),send for(派人去请),take after(像),hear from(收到……的来信),hear of(听说),depend on(依靠)等。
◆ 动词+副词+介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词,介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有:
add up to(总共是),catch up with(赶上),look down upon(瞧不起),run out of(耗尽,用光)
◆ 动词+名词+介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词,后面需接宾语,有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有:make fun of(取笑),make use of(利用),pay attention to(注意),take care of(照顾)等。
【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
☞ He is taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。
☞ We shouldn’t make fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。
一、单项选择
1.—Why were you late, Jack?
—The traffic was heavy. And, my car ________ on the way and I had to walk to the office.
A.broke down B.put down C.fell down D.turned down
2.The box is too heavy to carry. It is ________ books.
A.filled with B.full with C.covered with D.used for
3.A few weeks ago, my brother ________ and broke his left leg in a soccer game.
A.fell down B.cut down C.woke up D.grew up
4.May I ________ the Party?
A.join B.join in C.take part D.take part in
5.Because of the bad weather, we have to ________ the sports meeting until next week.
A.put up B.put on C.put off
6.On seeing the tigers, Sandy felt a little afraid, but she ________ after she knew they were not dangerous to humans.
A.calmed down B.fell down C.came down D.put down
7.For students, good health ________ proper exercise, enough sleep and happy moods, I think.
A.works on B.depends on C.decides on
8.— We should learn to ▲ others