内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
[对应学生用书P65]
[观察]
1.(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
2.(教材P41)They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
3.(教材P40)Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
4.(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
5.(教材P42)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
[归纳]
1.句子1、3、5中加黑词汇在句中作定语。过去分词在句3中作前置定语,在句1、5中作后置定语。
2.句子2和4中加黑词汇在句中作宾语补足语。
[对应学生用书P66]
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词,也称动词的ed形式,是一种非限定动词。规则动词的过去分词形式由动词原形词尾加ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词形式有不规则动词变化表。ed形式一般表示被动和完成,只有一种形式,没有时态和语态的形式变化。它在句子中可以充当定语、宾语补足语等成分。
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时的意义
过去分词作定语,强调被动或者完成的意义。
Things seen are mightier than things heard.
(谚语)眼见为实,耳听为虚。
Her daughter, brought up by me, has begun to work now.
她的由我养育的那个女儿现在已经参加工作了。
2.过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语,常放在所修饰的名词的前面。过去分词短语作定语时,须放在所修饰的名词之后,此时,它相当于定语从句。
He told me that this was the wounded soldier.
他告诉我这就是那个受伤的战士。
Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled with books(=which is filled with books).
窗户旁有一个装满书的书架。
(2)当被修饰的词是复合不定代词something, nothing, somebody等或指示代词those, these等时,作定语的过去分词须后置。
There has been nothing changed since I left London two years ago.
自从我两年前离开伦敦后,那儿一直没有什么变化。
Is there anything unsolved?
还有没解决的问题吗?
(3)某些不及物动词的过去分词,不可以单独作前置定语,但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。
wellbehaved children 守规矩的孩子
newlyarrived visitors 刚到的参观者
3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
doing
现在分词表示被修饰词发起的动作,在逻辑上它们是主谓关系,并表示被修饰词的特点、性质等;且现在分词表示正在进行的行为
the boiling water 沸水
the developing country 发展中国家
the falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶
done
被修饰词是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者;在逻辑上它们是动宾关系;且过去分词表示已经完成的行为
the boiled water 开水
the developed country 发达国家
the fallen leave 落叶
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
英语中过去分词作宾语补足语,通常用于以下几种情况:
1.过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等后面。
keep/leave+n./pron.+pp
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.