第13讲 完形阅读提升-【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册）

第13讲 完形阅读提升（原卷版）-【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册） 【学习目标】 1．掌握高中完形填空和阅读理解的解题思路 2．强化训练高中阅读理解常考的四种文体 【基础知识】 完形填空 完形填空之推理逻辑关系 在解答完形填空时，利用连词and, but, so, yet, or等或although, though, because, since, now that等从属连词或neither ... nor, either ... or, not only ... but also等平行结构，确定正确答案。 完形填空之使用排除策略 在做完形填空时，用尽所有办法仍不能推断出答案时，可以采用排除法。先分别将选项代入原文，观察上下文逻辑、词语等搭配方面是否符合上下文，如不符合就排除。 完形填空之复现关系分析 完形填空中，“词语复现法”是解题的一大技法。根据“所选有所据”的命题原则可知，试题的答案一定会在上下文中或多或少地给予提示。词语的复现可以是上下文中同一词汇重复出现、同源词复现，同/近义/反义词复现等。 完形填空之生活常识利用 大部分完形填空需联系上下文解答，但有的空却只能通过背景常识解答。做题时，联系上下文语境，联系风俗习惯、文化历史等方面的生活常识进行判断。 阅读理解 （一）主旨大意 ①如果第一段以人物故事开头，第一段则是引子，中心句应在第二段。 ②讲故事类文章的中心一般为文章最后一句。 （1）主题句位于文章或段落的开头： 主题句出现在段首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的写作方法。 【例文1】 People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. "In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better," says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale（呼出） CO2 which plants need to survive and grow better. Plants absorb CO2 through their pores（小孔） during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people need to survive. Singing and talking have good effects on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster. 本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供论据。本段的结尾句呼应主题句，在给予主题思想又一论据的同时，幽默地收尾。 【例文2】 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 本段的首句是主题句，点明人在食物的口味上是有所不同的。其后的句子都是在进一步地阐述这个主题。 例Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them