第05讲 必修三&选择性必修一重点语法讲解-【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册）

第05讲 必修三&选择性必修一重点语法讲解（原卷版）-【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册） 【学习目标】 1. 巩固必修三和选择性必修一的语法知识点 2．针对这部分内容的难点进行点对点的讲解和练习 【基础知识】 非谓语动词-动词不定式讲解 不定式的形式及用法 用法 形式 主 动 被 动 与谓语动词动作的先后关系 例句 一般式 to do to be done 同时/之后 The patient was asked to be operated on at once. 进行式 to be doing / 同时 The boy pretended to be working hard. 完成式 to have done to have been done 之前 I happened to have seen the film. 动词不定式的句法功能 1）主语： 例1. To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 例2. To lose your heart means failure. ★ 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 2）表语： 例1. Her job is to clean the hall. 例2. He appears to have caught a cold. 3）宾语： 下列动词只能接不定式作（直接）宾语： hope, wish, want, ask, help, refuse, learn, demand, care, choose, arrange, expect, decide, agree, plan, promise, offer, manage, pretend, prepare, elect, fail, long, determine, desire等。 不定式一般不做介词的宾语，但是可以放在介词but/except之后做宾语。 如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。即所谓的“前有do后无to”。 例1. I have no choice but to stay here. 例2. I can do nothing but stay here. it作形式宾语 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，常用的动词有（consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等）。 注：这里高考常考的动词有：consider, make, find, feel, see, suppose, take 等。 例1. We consider it our duty to support good leaders. 例2. The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster. 4）作宾语补足语： 下列动词之后用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，用一句口诀来记忆： “五看三使两听一感觉” see, look at, watch, notice, observe/ make, let, have/ listen to, hear/ feel 5）定语： 下列情况下一般用动词不定式做后置定语： ★不定式表将来 I have a meeting to attend this afternoon. ★用来修饰被序数词、最高级限定的中心词。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. The best way to earn respect was to study hard and achieve high grades. ★用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等，这些名词经常被no,