内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures——省略
1.(教材P30)A: Oh, I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!
B: Me too.
2.(教材P30)A: So it's the food of many different cultures, all in one dish?
B: Exactly.
3.A: Will you help me with my English?
B: Yes, I'd like to (help you with your English).
4.He always comes to help me whenever (it is) possible.
5.He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.
[自我感知]
1.句1、2、3、4为句法上的省略。
2.句5为词法上的省略。
为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种:
一、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
►Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to the teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
►Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽肯定一直在做作业。
3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。
►His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。
4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。
►He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识,但他朋友不具备。
二、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略
(1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
►(天津)As (it is) scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.
按照计划安排,我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。
►Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能,他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
►Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.
过街时要当心车辆。
[名师指津] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系,则使用现在分词;若构成被动关系,则使用过去分词;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则使用不定式。
►When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水。
(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
►They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
►He runs as fast as Bob (runs).他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
2.定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which,whom可省略。
►The computer (which) I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想买的那种电脑卖光了。
(2)在定语从句中way作先行词,且在句中充当方式状语时,可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。
►I don't like the way (that) he speaks to me.
我