Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language -（教师WORD）2021-2022学年高中英语【精讲精练】外研选择性必修第二册 新课标辅导

Section Ⅱ　Using language 过去完成时的被动语态 ①At the start of the detox，over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media，in ANY form，for seven days. ②They had been promised money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media. ③But on reflection，I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone. 以上三个例句中的谓语动词使用的是过去完成时的被动语态，其构成是“had been＋过去分词”。 Ⅰ.定义 过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作或状态开始于过去，持续到过去某个时间为止，强调对过去产生的影响和结果。 Ⅱ.详析 一、过去完成时的被动语态的用法 1．过去完成时的被动语态表示过去发生的动作对过去产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I had been told the sports meet would be put off. 我已被告知运动会要被推迟。(结果：之前我知道运动会要被推迟) All the preparations for the task had been done before we started. 在我们开始之前，任务的所有准备工作都已经完成了。(影响：我们开始前已具备条件) [对点训练1] 改写句子 ①He had translated his newly written novel into English by the end of last month. →His newly written novel 　had been translated into English　 by the end of last month. ②Because they had been warned by the teacher，they didn't make such mistakes. →　Having been warned　 by the teacher，they didn't make such mistakes. ③The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. →The suggestion 　which had been sent　 to the committee was adopted. 2．过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，并且有可能持续到说话时。可与for＋时间段或since＋时间点等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。 The machine had been repaired for two hours when I got there. 当我到那儿时，这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：当我到时已开始修了2小时，可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修)。 I knew she hadn't been heard from since then. 我知道从那时候起，她就没来过信。(持续：从那以后，一直没收到她的信，以后也可能收不到) 3．过去完成时的被动语态经常用于虚拟语气中。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 [温馨提示] (1)过去完成时的被动语态中had been不可漏掉。 (2)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。 It was said that the problem had been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。 All the new T­shirts had been sold out by the time you got to our store. 你来我们店的时候，所有的T恤衫都已被卖光。 [对点训练2] 完成句子 ①这种新产品经过试验后才进入市场。 　The new product had been tested out　 before it was put into market. ②如果乘客们的食物和水都用完了，他们就会死的。 The passengers woul