专题12 被动语态、并列句、简单句-【口袋书】2022年中考英语必背知识手册（思维导图+必备知识手册）（通用版）

专题十二：被动语态、并列句、简单句 被动语态知识导图 考点梳理 1. 被动语态的句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语+be十过去分词(十by.. ) English is spoken everywhere.到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词(+by….) English isn't spoken by people here.这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词(+by.. .)? -Was Tom asked to come early?汤姆被要求早点来吗? -Yes，he was.是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn't.不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government?政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 2.被动语态的各种时态形式 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主语+ am/is/are十过去分词+其他 History is made by the people·历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children.这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 主语+was/were+过去分词+其他 The letter was written in English·这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai.这些车是上海生产的。 一般将来时 主语+will be+过去分词+其他 Your job will be kept open for your return.你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished?这项工作什么时候完成? 现在进行时 主语+am/is/am+being+ 过去分词+其他 A new railway is being built.一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired , I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以l我不得不坐出租车去上班。 现在完成时 主语+have/has been+过去分词+其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗? 情态动词 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day.她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated，water can be turned into vapour.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。 3主动语态变被动语态 说明 例句 含有单个宾语的主动句，即“主语+谓语动 词十宾语”: 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 The famous professor gave two lectures in English· →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor)in English· 含有双宾语的主动句，可把间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动句的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to/for。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation· (老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。) →①I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →②Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 含有复合宾语的主动句，即“主语+宾语+宾语补足语”: 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua.(我们叫他李华。)→He is called Li Hua. They painted the room white.(他们把房间粉刷成白色。) →The room was Painted white. 【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即“be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do