第十九讲 简单句与复杂句变换1 2022中考英语百日打卡考点提分译林牛津版

第十九讲 简单句与复杂句变换1 英语中的句子按照结构可以划分为三种类型：简单句、并列句、复合句。这三种句子类型中，尤其是简单句与复合句之间常相互转换使用。 I.简单句与复合句的互换 把一个简单句转换成一个复合句，一般是将一个短语变为一个从句。相反，复合句转换为简单句时要把一个从句变为一个短语。 1.The foreigners want to know how they can learn to do Chinese Kungfu well. → The foreigners want to know how to learn to do Chinese Kungfu well. 【解析】含宾语从句的复合句变为简单句，可以把宾语从句改为"疑问词+不定式"的结构或者改为"主语+谓语+宾语+宾补"这种结构；简单句变复合句，一般是把宾语扩大为宾语 从句，其宾语从句应该用将来时或"情态动词+动词原形"的形式。 2.She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby. → She was too weak to take care of her baby. 3.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. → The ice on the lake was not thick enough for people to skate on. 【解析】当 so...that 从句是否定句，其主语与主句主语相同，可用句型 too...to do sth.替换；当 so...that 从句是否定句，其主语与主句主语不相同，可用句型 too...for sb. to do sth.替换；当 so...that 从句是肯定句，其主语与主句主语相同时，可用...enough to do sth.替换；当so...that 从句是肯定句，其主语与主句主语不相同时，可用...enough for sb. to do sth.替换。 4.Be brave, or you'll lose your chance. → If you aren't brave, you'll lose your chance. 5.Come on, or we'll miss the early bus. → If we don't hurry, we'll miss the early bus. 【解析】"祈使句+or+简单句"可转换为"if 引导的否定的条件句+主句"的句型；"祈使句+and+简单句"可转换为"if 引导的肯定的条件句+主句"的句型。 6.She seems to be worried now. → It seems that she is worried now. 【解析】seem是关于内心活动的用语，含有心中所想象的意思在内。seem 后接动词不定式，也常用 It seems that 结构。简单句变为复合句应特别注意它们之间的同义可换性。 II.简单句与简单句的转换 简单句本身可以通过对句子成分(包括主语、谓语、宾语、状语和定语)或句型自身的调整来表达相同或相近的意思。常见的转换方法有：① "词与词的转换"(如：反义词的转换、同义词的转换、代词的转换、词性的转换)；② "词与短语的转换"(of 属格与's 属格的转换、时间表达的转换等)；③"句式与句式的转换"(如：How old is (are)...?与What is sb.'s age?的转换、How do you like...?与 What do you think of... ? 的转换、"动词+ sb.+ sth."与"动词+ sth.+介词+ sb."的转换等)。 7.We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday. → It took us twenty minutes to clean the room yesterday. 8.The motorbike cost him 7,000 yuan last year. → He paid/ spent 7,000 yuan for/ on (buying) the motorbike last year. 【解析】spend与take 都可以表示"做某事花某人多少时间或金钱"。spend的主语用某人表示；take的主语用 it。即"(Somebody)spend some time (in) doing sth./ on sth."这一句型可换成"It takes/ took somebody some time to d