内容正文:
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
(
教材
重点语法
知识链接
及典例解读
)
一、动词不定式
【教材原句】
①You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助清扫城市公园。
②The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.这个女孩可以看望医院里生病的孩子们,使他们高兴起来。
③And we could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.并且我们可以每个人打电话叫10个学生,要求他们来。
④Mario works for an animal hospital because he wants to learn about how to care for animals.马里奥在一家动物医院工作,因为他想学习如何照顾动物。
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,基本形式为“to+动词原形(有时可以不带to)”,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式有以下几种用法:
1.动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语时,一般位于句首,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如果动词不定式太长,则可用it作形式主语,构成“lt...to do sth.”句型。
To learn a foreign language is important for us.=It's important for us to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语对我们来说很重要。
2.动词不定式作宾语。后面常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有 want,hope,begin,try,decide,expect,
refuse,would like等。
He tried to control his voice.他尽量控制自己的声音。
Tom refused to go back into the hospital.汤姆拒绝再进医院。
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语。常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask,tell,want,expect等。
He asked me to talk about my English study.他要求我谈谈有关我英语学习的事。
4.动词不定式作状语。动词不定式作状语时,一般位于句首或者句末,表示目的、原因、结果等。
To get good grades, I will study hard.=I will study hard to get good grades.为了取得好成绩,我将会努力学习。
5.动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语时,常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后,如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词,后面常需要加介词。
She got a job to teach children.她找到了一份教孩子的工作。
6.疑问词+动词不定式。
I don't know what to do.我不知道做什么。
7.省略动词不定式中的to的情况:
①使役动词let,make,have之后;
②感官动词(短语)feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listen to之后;
③动词help后可省略。
Let me think.让我想想。
I saw my mother get out.我看到我妈妈出去了。
He helped her (to) carry the case up the stairs.他帮她把箱子拎上了楼。
8.动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成。
Tell her not to be late.告诉她不要迟到。
典例
-Why did you buy so many flowers?
- my wife. I did something wrong yesterday.She is still angry with me.
A.Please B.To please C.Pleasing D.Be pleased
【解析】why一般提问原因或目的,由语境可知此处应用动词不定式表示目的。故选B项。
【答案】B
二、动词短语
【教材原句】
①I take after my mother.我像我妈妈。
②I gave away my bike to a children's home.我把我的自行车捐赠给了一个儿童之家。
动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为动词短语。动词短语的构成方式有以下几种:
1.动词+副词,常见的副词有away,along,