Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 学案-2021-2022学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 学案

【本课目标】

1.通过阅读课文,在具体情境中理解和掌握省略的用法。

2.通过本学案的归纳,巩固内化省略的用法,并学以致用。

【自主学习】

【语法图解】

【探究概况】

1.Though tired, they went on working.

2.Doesn't matter.

3.(课本P28)This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food.

4.(课本P28)A real mix of cultures here!

5.Hope to hear from you soon.

【自我归纳】

上述句子中,1为　　　　　　的省略;2,3,5为省略　　　　　　;4为　　　　　　的省略。  

为了避免重复,将句子中的一个或几个成分省去,这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。

【语法详解】

在英语中,为了使句子简洁明快突出重点,常常省略句中的一个或几个成分,只要不影响句意表达,某些情况下,能省略的成分尽可能省略。

一、词法的省略

1.动词不定式的省略

①He didn't come, but he ought to have (come).

他没来,但他本应该来。

②His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.

他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。

2.介词的省略

I have some trouble (in) learning English.

我学英语有些困难。

3.替代性省略

①—Can I put my bike here?

—You'd better not.

—“我可以把我的自行车放在这儿吗?”

—“你最好不要。”

②—Can they finish their work today?

—I think so./I don't think so/I think not.

—“他们今天能完成工作吗?”

—“我认为能”/“我认为不能。”

 

二、句法的省略

1.简单句的省略

(Is there) Anything else?

还有其他事吗?

2.并列句中的省略

Sam must have been playing football at that time, and his sister (must have been) playing the piano.

那时山姆一定在踢足球,而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。

3.复合句中的省略

①He's the man (who/that) you can safely depend on.(定语从句的省略)

他是你能放心信赖的人。

②I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).(宾语从句的省略)

我知道一个电影明星要来我们城市,但我不知道他什么时候来。

③Although (he was) hard-working, he couldn't earn enough to support himself. (状语从句的省略)

尽管他努力工作,他的收入还是不够养活自己。

④The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). (比较结构的省略)

(你做得)越早,(结果就会)越好。

⑤Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.(虚拟语气中的省略)

如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。

注意:在虚拟条件句中常省略if,将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。

⑥ We insisted that they (should) go with us.

我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。

4.if的省略结构

The island is seldom, if ever, visited by ships. (=if the island has ever been visited by ships)

这个岛难得有船停靠。

If possible, let me know in advance.

如果可能的话,提前告诉我。

【练一练】

Ⅰ 单句填空

1.He was often noticed　　　　　　 (leave) the office after work.  

2.—What do you suppose made her worried?

—　　　　　　(lose) a new cellphone.  

3.Children, when 　　　　　　(expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.  

4.Mary won't attend the party even if 　　　　　　(invite).  

5.Though　　　　　　 (warn) again and again,the young man still drove after drinking,leading to his being fined.  

6.While 　　　　　　(walk) along the street, I heard my name called. 

7.She seldom , if 　　　　　　, goes to the movie theatre. 

8.The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not 　　　　　　.  

9.Some classmates suggest they 　　　　　　(go) to places of interest nearby. 

10.Her words made me　　　　　　(feel)happier than before.