专题4 辨析从句，词汇扩充—— 定语从句、名词性从句及词汇拓展 学案-2021-2022学年初高中英语衔接新高考培优方略

专题4 辨析从句，词汇扩充 ——辨析定语从句和名词性从句&高一词汇拓展练 本专题编写：杭州第二中学 姚璟丰 审核：德清县高级中学 郭烨辉 校稿：沈易 【导学】 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 【基础知识】定语从句 限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 Do you know the girl who just came in? 你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？ The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。 非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。 The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. 这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园。　 As引导定语从句用法 （1）As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型当中： Such/so….. as…. 即“像…..一样” the same …. as… 即“和…...同样的” A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday. He is not the same man as he was. （2）引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。 As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. ★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别 This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物) This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物） 关系副词的运用 （1）When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which) （2）Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等 Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which) （3）Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason. I don't want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which) ★ 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词 ★ Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等 What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which) 几个特殊的先行词 （1）way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填 The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 比较：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple. ★way在定语中作tell的宾语 （2）先行词time time表示“次数”