内容正文:
专题3 语块对接,微妙写作
——语块式教学建构微写作&记叙型阅读理解拓展手法
本专题编写:浙工大附中 郭烨辉
【导学】
语言并非由传统的语法和词汇组成,而是由多词的预制语块组成。Lewis所倡导的语块教学法将语块作为语言教学的基本单位。语块大都是按照一定的语法规则生成的语言单位,使用时不需要有意识地注意语法结构,缩短了从理解到产出语言信息的时间,因而可极大提高语言使用的正确性和流利性。
非英语母语者不能一次加工包含8-10个词以上的分句。在说这些分句时他们语速加快,说得很流利。但到了句末,语速就慢了,甚至会停顿,或许是在构筑下一句。
然而英语母语的人说下面这样的多分句句子的时候,却能说得很流利:
1.You don't want to believe everything you hear.
2.It just goes to show,you can't be too careful.
3.You can lead a horse to water,but you can't make him drink.
第一句共8个词,第二句9个词,第三句13个词。然而英语母语的人在说这几句时并无停顿。这是因为这些句子是作为词块(lexical phrase)整个存储在大脑中的,不必临时组合,便可脱口而出,从而减少了大脑认知、处理信息的负担。只有那些使用频繁、较为熟悉的词块,因为词语之间“粘着”(cohesive),才能作为一个整体存储在大脑中。不是常见搭配,还要通过句法来生成。
微写作,微中见大,微中见效。培养学生的英语写作兴趣进而提高他们的英语作文质量,这个教学目标并非一朝一夕可以达到。因此,在英语教学中,应该充分利用话题帮助学生将词汇教学、语法教学、阅读教学和写作教学融会贯通,让学生在有充分的“可理解的语言输入”的基础上循序渐进地实现有效的语言输出,从而达到提高英语写作水平的目的。
【基础知识】
1. 简约而不简单(simplicity)
例1:A good teacher is supposed to be responsible,enthusiastic,eloquent and humorous.
优化:It takes much such as responsibility,enthusiasm,eloquence and humor to be a brilliant teacher.
亦可以优化为Some qualities such as responsibility,enthusiasm,eloquence and humor characterise (是……的品质)a brilliant teacher
例2:Jack Ma is so great,splendid,awesome and luxurious.
优化:Jack Ma is really something.
例3: The chairman said sternly:“Pollution has made our environment worse ”
优化:Pollution,as the chairman put,has led to deterioration of our environment.
拓展:to put it differently=nevertheless=incidentally=admittedly换而言之,表示委婉的转折,替代低端的“but”
模仿提升:
原句:Unfortunately,Jack fell into the river and before help could reach him,he sank
优化:__________________________________________________________________________
范例:Tragedy broke harmony,Jack sank with no help available.
2. 纯正(authentic)
例1:Some inventions like computers and cell phones are widely used,which brings convenience to us.
优化:A couple of widespread inventions ,like computers and cell phones convenience (作动词用)ourselves.
例2:He is not able to read English,which makes him looked down upon