专题2 解剖长难，素养培育——阅读理解 学案-2021-2022学年初高中英语衔接新高考培优方略

专题2 解剖长难，素养培育 ——导入长难句分析&记叙型阅读理解学鉴赏素养 本专题编写：浙工大附中 郭烨辉 【导学】 长难句是由固定的语法规则组装而成。 英语中的复杂长难句归根到底还是由最基本的句型组合、扩展、变化而来的。英语长难句除了句子主干之外经常包含了一些附加部分，如同位语、插入语、非谓语动词短语或各种从句等等。面对长难句，主要的思路是抓核心，找主干，化繁为简，从长难到短易。 【基础知识】 非谓语动词初识 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词 1. 动名词 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） 例：Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。 模仿提升： 1. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 2. She didn’t remember ________him before. A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to have met 3. — What do you think of the book? — Oh, excellent. It’s worth ________a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 4. I can hardly imagine Peter ________across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 5. He insisted ________a picture for the wall newspaper. A. I would draw B. me to draw C. my drawing D. on my drawing 2. 不定式 ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） 例：She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时，她假装正在读书。 模仿提升： 1. — I usually go there by train. — Why not ________by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 2. John was made ________the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 3. 现在分词 做表语、定语、状语和补语 例：He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语） 他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语） 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤 He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补） 他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。 模仿提升：________a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. R