第二板块 专题一 第二部分 第四讲 词义猜测题-【创新教程】2022高考英语总复习大二轮教师用书word（老高考）

第四讲　词义猜测题 [设问方式把握] 词意类 ①The underlined word/phrase...probably means/can be replaced by 　________　. ②Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word/phrase...？ 指代类 ①What does the underlined word“this/that/it/they...”refer to？ ②The underlined word“this/that/it/they...”refers to 　________　. 句意类 ①The underlined sentence in the...paragraph probably means 　________　. ②What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph...？ [考查角度明晰] (1)猜测生词或熟词生义； (2)猜测短语的意义； (3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it, one, they, this, that, these, those等)； (4)猜测句意。 [正确选项特征] [干扰选项特征] 1.含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。 2.上下文逻辑通顺。 3.与原句意思最接近。 1.与所考词汇形似。 2.如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。 3.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测 ◆[解题攻略] 有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead (of)，on the other hand，rather than，on the contrary等。 ◆[小题夯基] ①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a 　hassle　；it can be a basket of fun. [解题示范]　从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和　a_basket_of_fun　 是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“　困难，麻烦　”。 ②She is usually 　prompt　 for all her classes，but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. [解题示范]　but 一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好　相反　。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“　准时　”的结论。 ③The players in the World Cup are professionals，while those who play in the Olympics must be 　amateurs　. [解题示范]　由于转折词“　while　”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。 ◆[典例呈现1]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to 　decimate　 a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever­increasing populations，greatly redu