内容正文:
第12讲 there be 句型
There be句型
1. 构成
There be句型表示的是“某处有/存在某人或某物”,其结构为“There be(is,are)+名词+地点状语”。
There are forty-two students in our class.
我们班有42名学生。
There is a pencil in my pencil-box.
我的铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。
2. 各种句式
(1)否定句:There be+not+名词+地 点状语。其中not也可以用no表示。即:no+名词= not a/an/any+名词。
她的包里有个橘子。
There is an orange in her bag.
→There is no orange in her bag.
=There isn’t any/an orange in her bag.
树上有几只鸟。
There are some birds in the tree.
→There are no birds in the tree.
=There aren’t any birds in the tree.
(2)一般疑问句:Be there+名词+地点状语?
回答:Yes, there be./No, ther be+not.
她的手提包里有点钱。
There is some money in her handbag.
—Is there any money in her handbag?
—Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.
【注意】肯定句变为否定句或一般疑问句时,句中的some应改为any。
(3)特殊疑问句:
①对There be结构中名词的数量提问:当对可数名词的量提问时用:How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点状语?当对不可数名词的量提问时用:How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语?
这条街上有40个商店。
There are forty shops on this street.
→How many shops are there on this street?树上有一只鸟。There is a bird in the tree.
→How many birds are there in the tree?
桌子上有一些面包。
There is some bread on the table.
→How much bread is there on the table?
②对There be结构中的名词提问时用:
指物:What is+地点状语?
指人:Who is+地点状语?
课桌上有很多书。
There are many books on the desk.
→What’s on the desk?
房间里有三个男孩儿。
There are three boys in the room.
→Who is in the room?
3. 用法
(1)There be句型中,be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There is a basketball in the box.
盒子里有一个篮球。
There are many people in the hall.
大厅里有很多人。
(2)如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。
There is an apple and some bananas in the basket.
篮子里有一个苹果和一些香蕉。
There are some bananas and an apple in the b asket.
篮子里有一些香蕉和一个苹果。
4. there be与have的区别
(1)there be句型表示“有”时,侧重于客观,表示“某处有/存在某人或某物”,此时不强调此物归谁所有。
(2)have表示“有”时,侧重于主观,表示“某人拥有某物”,此时强调“所属关系”,主语多是人。
(3)二者有时可以通用,表示“某物本身拥有……”。
The room has ten desks.
=There are ten desks in the classroom.
教室里有十张桌子。
学习时需要注意的问题:
there be句型表示有某人或某物。其构成是:There be+人或物+地点状语(常由介词短语构成).
【考向一】
there be句型的主语通常在be之后。如果句子的主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词,be用is;如果句子主语是可数名词复数,be用are。
There is some milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有些