内容正文:
第10讲 情态动词must和have to的用法
情态动词must和have to的用法
1. must的用法
(1)must表示主观义务,意思是"应该,必须",其否定式mustn’t意为"不应该,不准"。
We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。
对用must所提问题的否定回答,常用needn’t或don’t have to,意思为:不必。
Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗?
No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了,没有必要。
(2)must表示推测,意思为:一定,必定(只用于肯定句中)。
He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。
He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
2. have to表示客观要求,意思为:不得不;必须;除此之外,别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点:
(1)have to后接动词原形,意为"必须做……;不得不做……"。
We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了,汤姆你得去买一些来。
(2)have to 有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has to。
She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。
There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了,我们只好走路回家了。
(3)含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。
Do they have to go now? 他们得现在回家吗?
You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 如果你不想去,你就不必去。
【辨析】have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。
The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
真题链接
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2020·江苏泰州·中考真题)—Mum, could I take off my mask today? It’s a little hot.
—Well, I’m afraid we ________ (wear )masks for some more time.
二、单项选择
2.(2021·江苏南通·中考真题)—Must I return this book before Friday, Sir?
—No, you ________, dear. You can keep it for two weeks.
A.can’t
B.shouldn’t
C.mustn’t
D.needn’t
3.(2021·湖南郴州·中考真题)—Whose skirt is this?
—It ________ be Carol’s. She is the only girl in the team.
A.might
B.need
C.must
4.(2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题)—Look! There are so many people in the restaurant.
—Yes. The food there ________ be delicious.
A.shouldn’t
B.can’t
C.must
D.need
5.(2021·辽宁营口·中考真题)—May I fish here?
—Sorry, you ________. Look at the sign “No fishing”!
A.may
B.mustn’t
C.can
D.needn’t
6.(2021·云南·中考真题)—You ________ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A.must
B.need
C.mustn’t
D.needn’t
7.(2021·重庆·中考真题)— Excuse me, can I borrow this book?
—Sure, but you ________ return