英语八年级【知识精讲】7.介词(3)介词短语辨析

【知识精讲】介词短语辨析 初二 英语 介词 时间介词 地点介词 其他介词 介词和介词短语辨析 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。 1. on time/in time/at times的辨析： ① on time 按时（强调“准时；正点”） 如：He gets up on time every day. ② in time 及时（强调“在规定时间内或提前发生”） 如：She caught the early bus in time. ③ at times 有时（相当于“sometimes”） 如：We play football on the playground at times. 常见介词短语辨析 2. at hand/in hand的辨析： ① at hand 在手边；在附近；即将到来 如：He always keeps a dictionary at hand. Spring is at hand. ② in hand 在手中的，现有的（引申为“在掌握中；在处理中”） 如：I have 100 yuan in hand. The police immediately had the situation in hand. 常见介词短语辨析 3. at the top of.../on the top of...的辨析： ① at the top of “在……顶点上、在……上”（at 表示点，在句子中用作状语，反义短语常为：at the bottom of “在……底部”） 如：The bird is at the top of the roof. ② on (the) top of 中的on 表示部位上的接触，意思是“在……之上、在……上面” 如：My friend stands on the top of the house. 常见介词短语辨析 4. at the beginning/in the beginning/at the beginning of的辨析： ① at the beginning 和 in the beginning都可表“起初、开始、原先”之意。两者间没有明显的区别，通常可互换。 如：You’ll find it difficult to learn Russian at the beginning. ② at the beginning of “在……之初”， 其后通常接表时间，事件或其它意义的名词 。 如：At the beginning of 2000 he came back to China. 常见介词短语辨析 5. by oneself/for oneself/to oneself的辨析： ① by oneself “单独地；独立地” 如：Did you do this by yourself or did someone help you? ② for oneself “为自己（的利益而做某事）；独自地（=by oneself ）” 如：He has built a house for himself. ③ to oneself “默默地” “暗自”，常与talk, say, think等动词连用。 如：He said to himself that there was something wrong. 常见介词短语辨析 6. at the end of/by the end of/in the end的辨析： ① at the end of “在……的尽头”，“在……的末端” 如：We shall have an exam at the end of the month. ② by the end of “在……末以前” “到……末为止”，后一般接时间名词 如：I had learnt five hundred words by the end of last term. ③ in the end “最终；终于”，后不接of 短语 如：I hope everything will be OK in the end. 常见介词短语辨析 7. by train/on(in)a train的辨析： 二者都有“乘车”之意。当使用介词by表方式时，其后交通工 具名词前不用冠词，或其它任何表限定的修饰词，如形容词性 物主代词，指示代词等。 如：I go to Dalian by train every year. 反之用介词in （较