第二板块 第三讲 理清文架构——核心-【创新教程】2022高考英语总复习大二轮教师用书word（老高考）

第三讲　理清文架构——核心 No.1抓段落构成——知主题句 一、段落的构成 英语文章段落结构一般由三部分构成：主题句(topic sentence)，扩展句(development sentence)和结论句(closing sentence/concluding sentence)。主题句点出段落的主题，扩展句解释说明或论证主题，结论句总结、归纳或概括主题。 1．主题句 主题句就是段落的主旨句。它是段落的表达的主题，主题句一般位于文章段首，但有时也在段中或段尾，其他句子都要围绕它而展开。 2．扩展句 扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证作用的句子。扩展句的展开方法多种多样，通常采用的方法有举例说明、描述、定义、比较对照、因果分析、分类等。 3．结论句 结论句就是总结句，与主题句相呼应。需要指出的是，英文段落中结论句并不多见，我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构的60%－70%都是由“主题句＋扩展句”构成。 [典例呈现]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. (主题句：以否定句的方式提出段落主题)On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18！(扩展句) 二、段落主题句的位置 在进行阅读理解时，我们要善于找出段落的主题句，这样才能抓住文章段落的中心思想(controlling idea)。主题句在段落中的位置并不是一成不变的，大多数情况下，主题句在段首，有时会在段中或段尾。 1．主题句在段首 这是主题句在段落结构中最常见的位置，这种安排开门见山，点出主题，读者可以迅速了解文章主旨。 [典例呈现]　Although smoking has been a popular habit for centuries，it has always had its enemies(主题句)．Some American Indians advised young braves not to smoke too much because tobacco would cut their wind(削弱力量)in a hunt or a battle.King James Ⅰ of England called smoking “a branch of the sin of drunkenness，which is the root of all sins”．Ben Johnson，the playwright，said smoking was“good for nothing but to choke a man and fill him full of smoke and embers”．Popular slang called cigarettes“coffin nails”long before the medical evidence on the hard from smoking was complete.Now every package of cigarettes and every advertisement for cigarettes must carry a warning from the Surgeon General(卫生局局长)that smoking is hazardous to health. 2．主题句在段中 主题句出现在段中时，位于主题句之前的部分通常起到承上启下的作用，而主题句后面的部分则围绕主题句展开讨论或阐述。 [典例呈现]　My parents have gone out for the evening.Just as I settle down to read or watch TV，my little brother demands that I play with him.If I get a telephone call，he screams in the background or knocks something over.I always have to hang up to find out what's wr