专题09 阅读理解之科普类-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（全国通用）

阅读理解之科普类-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳 与变式演练（全国通用） 目录 一、热点题型归纳 【题型一】寻找最佳标题或主旨题 【题型二】推理判断题（包括写作目的题） 【题型三】作者的观点态度题 【题型四】例证题 二、最新模考题组练 科普类文章是高考英语的常考题材，每年高考都有所涉及，每四篇阅读文章至少有一篇是科普文章，有的省份的考题甚至出现两篇科普文章，以体现英语语言的实用性，同时也增加了试题的难度。因此，同学们在平时的学习中一定要对此引起高度的重视。 【应对策略】 1. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考真题情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述。这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。 2. 结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。 3. 根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， to inform readers（告知读者某些信息），多见于科普类的文章。 【典例分析】 【2021年高考浙江卷C篇】 If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance. The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes." "With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude