UNIT 1 Period Four Discovering Useful Structures（配套Word）-【步步高·学习笔记】2021-2022学年新教材高一英语人教版必修第二册

Period Four　Discovering Useful Structures Learning Aims(学习目标) Grammar—Restrictive relative clauses(3)．(重点难点) 感知以下句子，完成方框下面的小题。 1．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2．Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. 3．After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam，the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 4．Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece，and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 5．Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 6．Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 1．句1－6加黑部分都是限制性定语从句。 2．句2、3、5和6中，先行词都是表示人或物的名词，所以其后的定语从句用关系代词who或者that 来引导；先行词在从句中作的都是主语，关系代词不能省略。 3．句1、4中，先行词分别是表示时间和地点的名词，且在后面的从句中作状语，所以用关系副词 when 和 where来引导。 4．句6中，which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词UNESCO。 一、基本概念 1．在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句，叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词(who，whom，whose，which，that，as)和关系副词(where，when，why)。 2．关系词的作用：一是代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分；二是起连接作用，连接先行词和定语从句。 3．根据先行词与定语从句的关系紧密程度不同，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。 二、关系词的种类和功能 三步确定关系词：一找先行词，二看先行词是指人还是指物，三判断定语从句所缺的成分。 限制性定语从句 人 物 主语 who，that which，that 宾语 who，whom，that，省略 which，that，省略 介词＋宾语 whom which 定语 whose 状语 when＝介词＋which where＝介词＋which why＝for ＋ which 定语从句那些事： 1．在定语从句中只用that，不用which的情况： That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想说的一切。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最