内容正文:
Section Ⅲ GRAMMAR——动词的ing形式作主语、宾语和表语
看下列教材中的句子,判断画线部分所作的成分
1.For a lot of people,becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.主语
3. . . . but then they need to continue making money so they don’t lose the sense of success they have achieved.宾语
4.There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which Jason enjoys taking care of.宾语
5. Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.主语
动词ing形式在句中起名词作用,可以用作主语、表语和宾语(在动词或介词之后)。
知识点1 动词ing形式作主语
1.动名词或动名词短语直接位于句首作主语,表示抽象概念。
·Meeting my old friend on the street made me happy.
在大街上遇到老朋友令我高兴。
2.用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词或动名词短语后置,构成“形式主语it+形容词/名词(词组)+动名词(短语)”结构。 通常用于这种结构的形容词有good, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, worthwhile以及名词(词组) fun,no good,no use等
·It’s no use complaining without taking action.
光抱怨而不采取行动是没用的。
注意:形容词如important, essential, necessary等词一般不用于上述结构。
3.动名词复合结构作主语。
在动名词前面加上自己的逻辑主语,如形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词普通格,就可以构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
·The baby’s crying made me annoyed.
这个婴儿的哭声让我生气。
4.用于布告形式的省略结构中。
·No smoking! = Smoking is not allowed here!此处禁止吸烟!
注意:动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语,且在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。试比较:
·Smoking is not good for health.吸烟无益于健康。(泛指吸烟这种行为)
It is not good for you to smoke so much.吸这么多烟对你不好。(具体动作:吸这么多烟)
知识点2 动词ing形式作宾语
1.有一些动词习惯上只接动名词作宾语。
接动词ing形式作宾语的及物动词(短语):
建议考虑坚持练(suggest, advice, consider, insist on, practise)
允许想象弃冒险(permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk)
阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent,resist, deny, escape)
不禁介意保持完(can't help,mind, keep, finish)
耽误推迟求原谅(delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse)
承认错过欣喜欢(admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy)
·I can’t imagine living in such a lonely village.
我不能想象生活在一个如此偏僻的村庄。
·The naughty boy escaped being punished luckily.
那个淘气的男孩很幸运地逃过了惩罚。
2.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词,如like,love,hate, dislike, attempt, begin/start, continue, intend 等,既可接动词ing形式,又可接动词不定式作宾语;但是forget, remember, regret, try,mean, stop,go on等后跟动词ing形式或不定式时,意义各不相同。
注意:有些动词如begin,st