内容正文:
2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)07
句子成分与划分方法及主干结构要略
【高频考点回顾】
要点一 基本句子成分
1. 主语
主语是动作发出者。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句或名词化形容词等充当。一般位于句首, 而在there be句型和倒装句中, 主语常位于be动词、助动词、谓语动词或情态动词之后。若不定式短语作主语, 常用it作形式主语, 则把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
例如:
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.
很难说到底有多少人同意他的观点, 但研究表明, 这一数字已经上升了一段时间。
(2020·江苏高考)I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher.
(2018·浙江高考)They realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
2. 谓语
谓语用于表示主语的动作或者表示主语具有的特征或状态, 常位于主语之后。常用作谓语的主要有动词和动词短语等。谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应, 即主谓一致。
例如:
(2020·江苏高考)We used to think that insects were(be) the smallest organisms.
You must weigh the benefits(benefit) against the cost.
3.宾语
宾语用于表示动作涉及的对象或承受者, 一般位于及物动词或者介词之后。常用作宾语的主要有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句等。
例如:
She walked up to the desk and asked to see(see) the manager.
I appreciate being given(give) this opportunity.
He suggested taking (take)the children to the zoo.
4.补足语
补足语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。宾语补足语简称宾补, 是对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分, 一般放在宾语之后。常用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句等。这种句型中的“宾语+宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾语”。
例如:
The book in the study must be kept in good order.
书房里的书必须放得井井有条。
You must keep the classroom clean.
你必须保持房间清洁。
5. 表语
表语用于说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态等, 常位于be, become, get, keep, look, grow, seem, sound, turn等系动词之后。常用作表语的主要有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、表语从句等。
例如:
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As the author explains, this is (be)neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
I felt frightened(frighten) as I waited for the mysterious man.
It is surprising (surprise)that he should have been so stupid.
6.定语
定语是用于对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子, 单词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前, 而短语或从句作定语时, 往往放在被修饰词之后。常用作定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句等。
例如:
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I think all writers should support libraries in a significant (significance)way when they can.
(2