内容正文:
高考英语语法总复习:虚拟语气的用法全面总结
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能实现的,而虚拟条件句所表示的假设不可能或不大可能发生。
一、真实条件句
这种条件句实现的可能性非常大,在条件句中常用现在的某种时态表示将来的时态。这些条件句常用if,unless,once,as/so long as,on condition that等引导。
例句:If I have seen further than most men,it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.
如果我比大多数人看得远一些,那是我站在巨人肩膀上的缘故。
例句:The eye is blind if the mind is absent.
心不在焉,就会视而不见。
例句:Man cannot find new oceans unless he has courage to lose sight of the shore.
人只有鼓起勇气,告别海岸,才能发现新的大洋。
例句:As long as you love it,you can keep it to your self.
只要你喜欢,你就可以留给自己。
二、虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句往往指不能实现的或假想的情况,可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想,分别用不同的动词形式表示,主句也相应地用不同形式表示。
(一)对现在情况的虚拟
对现在情况的虚拟,条件句的谓语动词用过去式,主句谓语动词用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现的情况的假想。
例句:This would be neither here nor there if it weren't for the observation that having an older mother seems to be independent risk factor for obesity.
如果不是留意到大龄母亲似乎是导致肥胖症的一个独立的风险因素的话,这一点倒也无关紧要。
例句:If were you,I would choose to work in a small town.
如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实显然是你不是我)
例句:If it weren't for the rocks in its bed,the stream would have no song.
溪床如果没有石块,溪流就不会潺潺歌唱。(事实是溪床中有石块)
例句:If I had a map now,we could easily get out of the forest.
如果现在有地图,我们能很容易地走出森林。(事实是现在没有地图)
注意!在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面中用were,而口语如果是单数,也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were。
例句:If the world were perfect,how could we enjoy the pleasure and comfort of being successful ?
世界若完美,我们如何能享受创造成功的快感?
例句:If a beard were a sign of smartness,the goat would be a Socrates.
如果胡子就是知识的象征,那么山羊也会成为苏格拉底。
例句:If there were no music,the world would be very dull.
如果没有音乐,世界将会非常单调。
(二)对过去情况的虚拟
对过去情况虚拟的条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主句中“would/should/might/could+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
例句:Mary couldn't have received my letter,or/otherwise she would have replied/made a reply to me last week.
玛丽肯定没有收到我的信,否则她上周就该回信了。
例句:If it had not been for your help yesterday,I couldn't have caught the bus.
如果昨天没有你的帮忙,我不会赶上公交车。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了火车。)
例句:I should (would) never have done it if I hadn't been so hard up.
如果不是手头如此拮据,我是不会那样做得。
例句:Had it not been