2022届高考英语定语从句专题复习

定语从句（一） 补充： 句子的成分 主语：句子要说明的人或物。 The boy is a doctor. 表语：说明主语的身份、特征、状态。 The dish smells delicious. 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。 I bought a toy in the shop yesterday. 宾语：表示动作的承受者。 I ate a piece of bread this morning. 定语：修饰名词或代词。 The handsome man is my English teacher. 状语：修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子。 She studies very hard. 补语：补充说明主语或宾语 We call him a singer. 1. 什么是定语从句？ He is a handsome boy. He is a boy who is tall, rich, and handsome. 定语从句与形容词相似，都修饰名词或代词。 不同的是，形容词只能表达简单的意思，定语从句表达的意思更为复杂。 2. 定语从句的分类 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 结构：限定性定语从句：紧跟先行词, 主句和从句间不用逗号分开； 非限定性定语从句：主句和从句间用逗号分开。 功能：限定性定语从句：修饰先行词 非限定性定语从句：既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子 引导词：that不能引导非限定性定语从句 This is the house (which) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。 The man (whom/that/who) I met in the street was a driver. 我在街上碰到的那个人是个司机。 His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1998. 他的母亲很爱他, 但在1998年去世了。 注意: 专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义, 通常只能由非限制性定语从句修饰。 Lu Xun, who died in 1936, was a famous writer in China. 鲁迅于1936年去世, 是中国一位著名的作家。 3. 关系词 关系代词：who, whom, whose that, which as 关系副词：when, where, why whose 代替人 作定语 This is the house whose window is broken. 代替物 I like that girl whose eyes are big. that 代替人 主语 The man that is playing the piano now is my music teacher. 宾语 Is this the man that you referred to at the meeting? 表语 She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood. 代替物 主语 The work that has just been finished is very important. 宾语 The train that he took was late for an hour. 表语 My hometown is not a polluted place that you think it to be. as引导定语从句 as从句常是一些固定结构，(如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows等，而且译为”正如….,恰如…”.) the same…as, such… as,和……一样.。 He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. As we had expected, he failed in the exam. It is such a difficult problem as none of us can work out. 这么难的一道题, 我们没人做得出。 He wears the same coat as I do.