内容正文:
动词不定式
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:_________、_________、和分词(分词包括_________和__________)
不定式
1、 不定式的作用
1、 作主语:不定式作主语时,谓语用_______。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在后面。
如:
To finish the job took us two hours.=It took us two hours to finish the job.
To get there on time is impossible for us.=_________________________________________
It is very kind of you to help us.= You are very kind to help us.
注意: It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,之所以有of结构,是因为这时的形容词修饰的是逻辑主语,体现了逻辑主语的品质、性格、特征,换言之,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of,否则用 for。
2、 作宾语(选修一)
(1) 动词+不定式
如:He managed to escape from the fire.
此用法的动词:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等;
(2) 动词+特殊疑问句+不定式:相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’t know what __________(do) next.
I don’t know _____ to make friends with them.
I can’t decide when to go there.
(3) it形式宾语+不定式:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把真正的宾语,即不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
如:I find ____ necessary __________(learn) a foreign language.
I find ____ hard __________(get) along with him.
3、 作宾语补足语
(1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。
如:He warned me _________(be) careful.
I want you __________(speak) to Tom.
What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)
此用法的动词:ask, tell, order ,want , would like, advise, invite, allow, wish, expect, prefer, encourage, consider
(2)动词+宾语+特殊疑问句+不定式
The chemistry teacher showed us how to do the experiment in the lab.
(3)There +不定式。如:
We didn’t expect there __________(be) so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
(4)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:
(主动)They saw the boy fall off the tree. (被动)The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
4、 作定语(必修二)
不定式作定语,修饰名词或不定代词;不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词_____;
不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系;
如:
I have a lot of work _____________(do).(________关系)
He is looking for a room _____________(live) in.(动状关系)
He is the first person _____________(think) of the idea.(_________关系)
He has got a chance ____________(go)