精要12 主谓一致和there be句型-【mini伴读】中考英语语法精要

精要⑩2主谓一致和 there be句型 主谓一致是各省市中考英语重要考点之一。对主 谓一致考査内容主要集中在主语为特殊词、短语或句 子时谓语动词单复数的选择上。对 there be句型的考 查内容主要集中在基本结构、常用时态和反意疑问句 的结构上。考查形式主要为单项选择、完形填空、完成 句子和综合填空等 1主谓一致原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保 持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则 中考英语语法精要 mn伴读 ①语法一致原则:主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单 数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。 如 Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生 They often play football on the playground 他们经常在操场上踢足球 ②意义一致原则:指主语形式上是单数,但意义上 是复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;主语形式上是复 数,但表示单数意义,这时谓语动词用单数形式。如: My family are having lunch now 我们一家人现在正吃午饭 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book 这本书20美元太贵了。 8就近一致原则:谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形 式取决于靠近它的主语。如: Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学 生也喜欢踢足球 There is a pen and some books on the desk 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书 2主谓一致的用法 ①表时间、距离、金钱、长度的名词短语做主语时应 中考英语语法精要 mn伴读 看作一个整体,视为第三人称单数形式。如 Two months is quite a long time Thanks to the organization, some money given to the poor people A was B. were C.are(选A) ② people, police形式上是单数实际上是复数,做主 语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如 The police are looking for the missing boy 8 maths,news, physics形式上是复数实际上为单 数,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 family,, class看作整体时,谓语动词用单数形式 看作整体中的各成员时则为复数形式。如: My family is a big one My family are watching TV. ⑤由with, except, as well as连接的两名词做主语, 谓语动词由前者决定 A woman with two children along the street at the moment A is walking B. are walking D. walks (选A) ⑥由 neither.nor, either. or, not only. but also连接 的两名词做主语,谓语动词由后者决定。 中考英语语法精要 m伴读 Neither he nor from Canada. We are from australia A is B are C am D be (i C 不定代词 something, anything, nothing, someone, anyone, everyone等做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如 Nobody knows it except me ⑧“ One of+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形 式。如 One of my friends is a computer engineer ⑨“the+姓的复数”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 如 134 he Lius are watching tv now ⑩ sheep,der,fish单、复数同形,注意区别做主语是 单数还是复数。如 There are many sheep on the hill Milk is white, and sheep are white, too O there be结构中,如果有两个以上的名词做主语, 则be应与最接近的那个名词保持一致。如: There is a box and some pens on the desk There are some pens and a box on the desk either, neither,each做主语,谓语动词用单数形 式。如 中考英语语法精要 mn伴读 Neither of the twins likes drawing